Sites of action
Interactive figures for each site of action: where a compound acts, what happens there without it, and how compounds acting at the same site differ. Every figure shows the baseline, each compound on its own and a side-by-side comparison, with sources.
Synaptik serves solely to explain biochemistry and pharmacology and is not medical advice or a recommendation to take anything.
The profiles are currently available in German only.
Synapse and brain
NMDA receptor: channel pore, glycine site and GluN2B
NMDA receptor (GluN1/GluN2B) in the postsynaptic membrane of a dendritic spine
Compounds in this figure
GABAergic synapse: GABA-A receptor binding sites, GABA-B and glycine receptor
GABA-A receptor (benzodiazepine, GABA and membrane sites), GABA-B with GIRK, glycine receptor
Compounds in this figure
Dopaminergic synapse: synthesis, vesicles, DAT, NET and D1/D2 signalling
Monoamine transporters DAT, NET and SERT at a dopaminergic synapse
Compounds in this figure
Gut and microbiome
Small-intestinal brush border: digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters
Enterocyte brush border (microvilli with enzymes and transporters)
Compounds in this figure
- Acarbose
- Yoghurt cultures
- Canagliflozin
- Dapagliflozin
- Empagliflozin
- KPV
- Gabapentin
- Glutathione
- L-Arginine
- B. coagulans GBI-30
- L-Ascorbic acid
- Sodium L-ascorbate
- Calcium L-ascorbate
- Riboflavin
- Riboflavin 5′-phosphate (Na)
- Thiamine hydrochloride
- Benfotiamine
- Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate
- D-Biotin
- Calcium D-pantothenate
- L-Carnitine
- Cyanocobalamin
- Methylcobalamin
- Magnesium carbonate
- Magnesium chloride
- Silicon dioxide
- Diamine oxidase (DAO)
Cell and metabolism
Oxidative stress: glutathione, Nrf2, selenium peroxidases and lipid peroxidation
Cell with mitochondrion, glutathione cycle, Keap1–Nrf2 and plasma membrane
Compounds in this figure
Skeletal muscle cell: insulin signalling, GLUT4, phosphocreatine and buffering
Skeletal muscle fibre: insulin receptor to GLUT4, creatine kinase, carnosine, MCT and mitochondrion
Compounds in this figure
AMPK, mTORC1, autophagy and senescent cells
Nutrient switches AMPK and mTORC1 at the lysosome, autophagy and senescent cells
Compounds in this figure
Every number in a figure comes from the compound's profile, where its source is given; model outputs (such as particle counts) are marked as illustrative. More sites of action will be added over time.